What characterizes a continuous (sustained) fever?

A continuous or sustained fever is one of the key patterns of fever that can help in identifying underlying medical conditions. It is defined by a steady and prolonged elevation in body temperature with minimal daily variation. Recognizing this fever type is crucial in diagnosing certain bacterial infections and systemic illnesses, and it is one of the recognized patterns among the 12 types of fever.

Definition of Continuous Fever

Continuous fever is characterized by a persistent elevation of body temperature that remains above the normal range (typically over 38°C or 100.4°F) throughout the day. The hallmark of this fever is that the temperature does not fluctuate more than 1°C (1.8°F) within 24 hours, and it does not return to normal during this period.

Key Features

• Temperature remains constantly elevated

• Daily fluctuation is minimal (less than 1°C)

• No return to baseline (normal) temperature

• Often lasts for several days or more

• Usually accompanied by general symptoms like chills, weakness, and sweating

Common Causes

Several illnesses can lead to continuous fever, most of them involving systemic or localized infections. Common causes include:

• Typhoid fever – a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi

• Lobar pneumonia – an acute infection of one or more lobes of the lung

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) – especially severe or upper UTIs like pyelonephritis

• Brucellosis – a bacterial infection from animals or contaminated dairy

• Bacterial endocarditis – infection of the heart’s inner lining

Diagnosis and Monitoring

Continuous fever is often detected through temperature charting over 24–72 hours. Healthcare providers may order blood tests, cultures, imaging studies, or other diagnostics based on associated symptoms. A careful clinical history and physical examination are essential.

Treatment

The treatment of continuous fever focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections like typhoid or pneumonia

• Antipyretics such as paracetamol to manage fever symptoms

• Supportive care including hydration and rest

Prompt medical attention is important to prevent complications, especially in cases of prolonged or high-grade continuous fever.

Conclusion

Continuous (sustained) fever is marked by a steady rise in body temperature without significant variation throughout the day. It is a clinical clue often associated with serious infections and requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Monitoring the fever pattern can greatly aid in identifying its source and guiding effective care.